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"How can I provide the support and attention my three-year old needs from me and help him to be more independent at the same time?" is a question that many parents face. (See Aceiatx's question in comment #1 on CAN DOs Work for All Ages)
The short answer is: Provide support and attention when it's OK with you, and model independence when it's not.
SWYS: "You are done eating and want me to play with you right now, and I need 5 more minutes to eat. Waiting is hard for you."
CAN DO: "Must be something you can do so I can finish eating on my own and come play with you."
The child can come up with something to do to make waiting more fun, or you can change when the child waits. For instance:
CAN DO: "You can start eating after I do so that we finish at the same time."
Then after the child has shown patience or independence while you eat, point that out when you join him in play:
STRENGTH: "You played by yourself while Mommy was eating. That shows you are independent."
or
STRENGTH: "You waited for five minutes while Mommy was eating. That shows you have patience."
The trick here is setting your boundary of finishing your dinner and sticking to it. That is one way of modeling healthy independence that sends the message to your child that he is OK on his own for a while, too.
CAN DOs give you a way to meet your child's needs within your boundaries. Children have three basic needs: experience, connection and power. To know which CAN DOs will work, look for the need. Your biggest clue to the need is what the child is already doing. For instance, the goal of whining and demanding, even at a low level, is control. That points to a need for personal power and explains why support and attention may not be enough and why the Mommy-time children crave often gets pushed beyond connection toward control.
To give a child permission to experience his personal power, you have to give it to yourself first. This is big. The importance of clean, clear, feel-good-about-yourself-boundary setting should not be underestimated in raising kids to be able to do the same.
Meanwhile, since self-control and self-determination are the root of all power in our lives (not control of others), that is the direction to go with your CAN DOs. You decide what you will do, and he can decide what he will do inside your boundaries until he is old enough to set boundaries for himself.
A preschool teacher posted her power struggle dilemma on a Reggio Emilia discussion list. Here's her question and my response: Q: HELP! Today was the day for power struggles all around, I swear it's contagious. Either that, or they picked up on the fact that I had no sleep last night & was nearly incoherent--hate how well kids can read your current physiological state.
Our #1 power struggle has been consistent with one child, though it was much worse today. He does fine throughout our work periods, plenty of energy (all boy, of course), but the moment it's time to clean up he suddenly becomes very VERY tired and can't possibly help clean up. I've been focusing on giving him very specific, simple tasks so it's not overwhelming (ie. pick up 5 blocks, then you can go take a rest) but even that is too much for him. Today I asked him to take his shoes out of the middle of the floor & put them in the shoe basket, where they should have been in the first place. He plopped himself down on the floor & flat out refused. I tried everything short of time out (pat myself on the back for that because I was SO ready to go there!) with no reponse.
Finally, I asked him to select another task--which he did, but then refused to follow through with, and I let him know that he could choose to do it today during clean up or tomorrow during our work period. Of course he didn't do it, and the mean teacher (me) threw the toys BACK on the floor after picking them up to vacuum so he can clean it up tomorrow. That's as close to following through with a "negative consequence" as I am willing to go, and if he refuses that I don't know what to try next.
#2 Power Struggle: We've also been having group time woes still--I decided against making it a requirement, but now when those children who choose to participate come to the group area the others mingle around the outside rough housing, throwing blocks, and just creating chaos in general--which obviously isn't fair to those who *are* choosing to participate. I'm starting to second guess myself on that one, I'm thinking I will go back to a 'mandatory' 10-15 minute group discussion at the beginning of the day.
I swear they are doing this because they know we have families coming in for trial days the next two sessions, I am totally dreading tomorrow. We *have* to fill at least two more slots in my classgroup, perhaps they are picking up on that stress?
A: You are right. Kids read us far better than we read them. #1. Putting Away Toys: One thing I noticed in your description of the first child’s resistance was that he was able to participate throughout the work periods, and briefly again later in selecting another task. His shut down seemed to occur when you gave him specific direction, which he read as control. It seemed the more control you asserted, the more stubborn he got, and the power struggle was on.
To reverse a power struggle, you have to somehow get on the child’s side. To prevent its recurrence, you need to reconnect the child with his natural sense of cooperation. The simplest way to do this is to SAY WHAT YOU SEE, Add STRENGTHs and offer CAN DOs.
SAYing WHAT YOU SEE in the form of an objective observation pops you out of your perspective into the present moment with the child. From this neutral middle ground, you can more easily step into the child’s perspective, show him his hidden STRENGTHs, and support him in problem-solving with CAN DOs.
In the scene you described, my guess is that the boy was feeling a lot like you were feeling–-tired and in need of regenerating a sense of personal power. His feigned need “tired” was his way of telling you his real need was “power.”
If you had been able to sit with him for a moment, objectively observe the scattered blocks together, and then comment on how huge any task appears when you are tired, you would’ve taken a huge step toward building a connection with the child and comforting yourself. You would be making both yourself and the child right at the same time, which is the first step in shifting a power struggle into cooperation.
SAYing WHAT YOU SEE might’ve sounded like, “Wow! Look at all those blocks! There’s one way over there, and one, two, three in a pile there. And there’s more there. And look at that. Your arm is so tired you can hardly lift it. This is a daunting task! (Kids like big words.) And somehow all of these blocks have to be put away. Hmmmm. That’s a tough one.”
As you step into the tired child’s perspective and ponder the overwhelming task together, listen for any type of connection or cooperation he shows like demonstrating how tired his legs are, too, or pointing out the blocks you missed, or joining in the count, etc. To deepen the connection and build his sense of personal power, point out any STRENGTHs he demonstrates along the way like, “You spotted that one over there,” or “Looks like you kept track of all the blocks, even when they were scattered,” or “You found every one,” or “You knew what color that one was,” or “You just counted to four,” etc.
When you begin to hear some level of cooperation, you can shift into problem solving with a CAN DO like, “It seems like an impossible task to get all of them put away with arms that are too tired to lift and legs that are too tired to run, but hmmmm, must be some way to get that done so you can finally get to rest.”
If he doesn’t answer right away, get ready to initiate some imaginative problem solving with a fun or silly suggestion like, “Maybe your eyes still work. You could try looking at them really hard and seeing if you can move them with your eyes.” If he shakes his head or says that’s silly, point out the STRENGTH, “You knew that wouldn’t work.” Then try again, “Well, hmmm, maybe your nose then. You might be able to scoot them into a pile with your nose like a dog…” by now most kids will either try your CAN DO or start coming up with some of their own.
Play along with whatever he decides. Even if you have to attend to something else and come back, stay engaged with him and keep pointing out his STRENGTHs. If he just can’t do it at all or asks for help, go with that. “You just can’t find a way to do it yourself. Wow, you are tired! But, even though your body is too tired, your brain still figured out a way to get the job done – asking for help! That shows clear thinking!”
Calling for volunteers feels very supportive for kids and helps build a sense of community in the classroom. In addition, the boy could participate by “using his brain” to direct the clean-up like a Simon Says game or something else that would build his power in a way that’s OK with you. At the conclusion, you would be able to SAY WHAT YOU SEE and point out the STRENGTH “cooperation” that you just saw demonstrated by him and the others working together to get the task done.
Some teachers worry that meeting one child’s needs will cause other children to copy the same behavior, but what actually happens is that it simply makes the classroom emotionally safer for all of the kids. Fewer feigned complaints and more cooperation are the results.
#2. Group Participation: Because children act according to who they believe they are, shifting beliefs, shifts behaviors permanently. Providing children with moments of success connects them with their STRENGTHs as you are doing by limiting group time to 10-15 minutes. But as you noted, group participation of this type works for many preschoolers, but not all.
It seems that some children feel like they disappear when they join into a group, so asking them to sit and do what the rest of the children are doing won’t work. To provide those children with success in participation, you can find participation in what they are already doing by SAYing WHAT YOU SEE and pointing out that STRENGTH.
For example, to the child throwing blocks outside the circle you could SAY WHAT YOU SEE and add a STRENGTH like this, “You’re throwing blocks over there and everybody is hearing you. That’s your way of participating separately. You are doing something on your own that includes the rest of the class!” Similarly, you could point out to the wrestling kids that they enjoy participating with each other.
Changing group time from discussion time into more of a “circus” time for a while where the children get to perform separately or together might be a good CAN DO for reengaging kids who are more active than verbal. That way even the more active children could hear the STRENGTH participation and begin to see it in themselves, as in, “You just jumped up and down for the other children (or you two just showed us arm wrestling). That’s how you like to participate!”
When children experience participation in a way that works for them, they begin to see themselves as part of the group instead of as outsiders. It’s this shift in belief that allows children to join in willingly.
So many possibilities open up when you reverse power struggles by SAYing WHAT YOU SEE, find STRENGTHs where there didn’t seem to be any, and offer CAN DOs instead of control. Imagine the warm and fuzzy impression these types of interactions would make on visiting parents. But best of all, imagine the difference they would make in children’s lives!If you’d like to learn more about using SAY WHAT YOU SEE to bring out the greatness in children and open possibilities for them in life, the little handbook is posted in full online at www.languageoflistening.com.
